03:11 What prompted Ian to write a book about confidence

Confidence has a huge impact on children

Ian has seen so many people that have the potential to achieve great things, but they lack the �can-do� attitude

04:32 What confidence looks like in a healthy individual

Adaptive confidence is the belief that one can move forward into uncertain situations and adapt to the situation

It is being able to anticipate rewards

06:31 Measuring confidence in the brain

Confidence activates the brain�s reward network, which lifts your mood and lowers anxiety

Confidence impacts our wellbeing and behaviour

10:13 Anticipating and projecting future situations

What distinguishes human beings from other species is the ability to conjure up a future state of the world and take action

�Confidence is the fuel to achieving what humans can envision�

11:11 Self-esteem, optimism and self-belief

Self-belief is the same as confidence

Optimism is the belief that things will turn out okay without any particular link to yourself

Self-esteem is your evaluation of yourself

�The secret sauce of confidence is action�

15:11 Acting, feeling and being confident

Practising the habits of acting and feeling confident lead to becoming confident

Once you start to achieve success from acting and feeling confident, you are more likely to continue taking action and succeed

�We all need to fake it till we make it�

17:48 How to gain confidence in a new area or skill

Confidence is a critical enabler of learning and practising new skills

You are more likely to persist and focus on a task if you are confident

20:07 Why are some people more confident than others?

You can measure an individual�s overconfidence by getting them estimate their IQ

On average, men tend to overestimate their IQ compared to women

Confidence comes from a mixture of nature and nurture, and it grows like compound interest

We learn confidence by feeling that our significant others believe in us

A parent�s fear of failure in their child instils a lack of confidence in the child

24:24 Confidence in children

If a parent encourages their child to learn from their mistakes, it helps the child to become more robust and resilient

It�s important to encourage intrinsic instead of extrinsic goals

30:08 Overcoming adversity

Getting through times is one of the greatest sources of confidence

Taking action in spite of anxiety demonstrates that you are in control

32:17 The role of doubt

It�s critical to have doubt so we don�t get overzealous

A deliberative mindset is doubting and deliberating over pros and cons

An implemental mindset selects a goal and focuses on how it�s delivered

We need a balance between deliberation and implementation

36:14 What to do when there has been a big shake to your confidence

Review your attitude to failure

�The bigger the setback, the bigger the opportunity�

Ground yourself with your values

�Action is the greatest antidote to anxiety�

43:49 What is collective confidence?

Good leadership instills confidence in a group

45:45 Confidence in males vs. females

Lack of confidence in women is largely due to societal and cultural messaging

For example, girls are taught to be �nice� and boys to be �competent�

47:11 Finding the �sweet spot� with stress

Stress is the perception that certain demands exceed your ability to cope with a situation

Symptoms of anxiety are the same as anger and excitement

Change your perception of a situation from a threat to an opportunity